Suffix | Meaning | Examples |
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–al | having characteristics of | remedial, denial |
–ed | past-tense verbs | traveled, talked |
–en | made of, consisting of | wooden, golden |
–er, -est | comparative | stronger, strongest |
–ity | quality of | humility, enormity |
–less | without | hopeless, homeless |
–ly | characteristic of | brotherly, lovely |
–s, -es | more than one | apples, trenches |
–tion, -ion | state of being, condition | completion, relation |
-able, -ible | capable of being | edible, fallible, incredible, audible |
-able | able to, having the quality of | comfortable, portable |
-acy | state or quality | democracy, accuracy, lunacy |
-al | relating to | annual comical |
-al | having the form or character of | fiscal, thermal, herbal, colonial |
-al | the action or process of | remedial, denial, trial, criminal |
-ance, -ence | state or quality of | nuisance, ambience, tolerance |
-ate | become | mediate, collaborate, create |
-dom | place or state of being | freedom, stardom, boredom |
-en | become | sharpen, strengthen, loosen |
-er, -or | person or object that does a specified action | reader, creator, interpreter, inventor, collaborator, teacher |
-er | comparative | bigger, stronger |
-esque | in a manner of or resembling | picturesque, burlesque, grotesque |
-est | superlative | strongest, tiniest |
-ful | full of | beautiful, grateful |
-ful | notable for | handful, playful, hopeful, skilful |
-ible | forming an adjective | reversible, terrible |
-ic, -ical | having the form or character of | psychological, hypocritical, methodical, nonsensical, musical |
-ify, -fy | make or become | justify, simplify, magnify, satisfy |
-ily | forming an adverb | eerily, happily, lazily |
-ing | denoting an action, a material, or a gerund | acting, showing |
-ious, -ous | characterised by | pious, jealous, religious, ridiculous |
-ise, -ize | become | publicise, synthesise, hypnotise |
-ish | having the quality of | squeamish, sheepish, childish |
-ism | doctrine, belief | Judaism, scepticism, escapism |
-ist | person or object that does a specified action | Geologist, protagonist, sexist, scientist, theorist, communist |
-ity, -ty | quality of | extremity, validity, enormity |
-ive | having the nature of | inquisitive, informative, attentive |
-less | without, not affected by | friendless, tireless |
-less | without | meaningless, hopeless, homeless |
-ly | forming an adjective | clearly, hourly |
-ly | related to or quality | softly, slowly, happily, crazily, madly |
-ment | condition | enchantment, argument |
-ness | denoting a state or condition | kindness, wilderness |
-ness | state of being | heaviness, highness, sickness |
-ship | position held | friendship, hardship, internship |
-sion, -tion | state of being | position, promotion, cohesion |
-ward,-wards | direction | towards, afterwards, backwards, inward |
-wise | in relation to | otherwise, likewise, clockwise |
-y | full of, denoting a condition, or a diminutive | glory, messy, victory |
-y | characterised by | dainty, beauty, airy, jealousy |